Distinct health practices in Taiwan, including widespread use of Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), may increase the likelihood of unintentional doping among competitive athletes. Pharmacists play a crucial role in guiding athletes on the appropriate and safe use of medications. This study aims to evaluate the level of anti-doping knowledge and related educational requirements among pharmacists in Taiwan, as well as to identify factors associated with knowledge differences.A nationwide, cross-sectional online survey was conducted among licensed pharmacists in Taiwan. The questionnaire comprised five sections: demographic information, sources of prohibited substances, recognition of banned substances, knowledge of doping control procedures, and perceived educational needs related to anti-doping. A total of 491 completed questionnaires were included in the final analysis.Participants were predominantly female (65%), with a mean age of 41.9 ± 11.4 years, and most held a bachelor’s degree (68%). The average anti-doping knowledge score was 37.2 ± 4.9, with scores ranging from 21 to 48 out of a maximum of 51. Only 15% of respondents reported having previously provided counselling on medication use in sports. Higher knowledge levels were significantly associated with younger age, indicating an age-related trend (p < 0.001). Pharmacists working in southern Taiwan and those employed in clinical settings demonstrated lower knowledge levels compared with their counterparts in northern regions and hospital settings. While the majority correctly identified ephedrine as a prohibited stimulant (90%), fewer respondents recognised furosemide as a banned diuretic (38%) or identified CHM products containing the β₂-agonist higenamine (7%). Nearly 90% of participants expressed a strong need for further education in anti-doping.The findings reveal considerable variation in anti-doping knowledge among pharmacy professionals in Taiwan and underscore the importance of targeted educational initiatives. These results provide valuable guidance for developing future training programmes and research-driven educational strategies in anti-doping practice.
