During the COVID-19 pandemic, Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) played a critical role in minimizing viral transmission within healthcare settings. This study investigated factors that either hindered or promoted IPC adherence among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 crisis in Kampala City, Uganda. Fourteen key informants from 12 health facilities in Nakawa Division participated, including three government-run and nine private not-for-profit facilities. Participants were either designated IPC focal persons or HCWs with in-depth knowledge of IPC practices at their facilities. Data were transcribed, coded using a bespoke codebook in Atlas.ti version 9, and analyzed thematically. Participants reported that fear of contracting COVID-19 was a major motivator for IPC adherence. They further noted that the sustainability of IPC practices was reinforced by HCWs’ perception of themselves as role models for the community in demonstrating health-promoting behaviors, particularly concerning COVID-19. Barriers to compliance included limited access to IPC training, with priority given only to HCWs in high-risk areas such as triage and Intensive Care Units, despite all staff being exposed to potential COVID-19 cases. High workloads also occasionally led to skipping essential IPC procedures. Findings indicate that reducing COVID-19 transmission among HCWs requires a holistic IPC approach that includes continuous capacity building and adequate provision of supplies, alongside active engagement from HCWs, facility management, and government bodies to ensure comprehensive IPC implementation during future outbreaks.
