Conducting research is essential for improving treatment, survival, and quality of life in children with cancer, yet recruiting pediatric participants introduces distinct ethical dilemmas. This study aimed to explore the ethical principles and challenges healthcare professionals encounter when enrolling children with cancer in research within the Swedish healthcare context, as well as their perspectives on the role of research ethics competence in recruitment. A qualitative, exploratory approach was adopted, utilizing semi-structured interviews with key informants, including seven physicians and ten nurses. Data were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Healthcare professionals highlighted several ethical concerns during recruitment, including fostering trust and supportive relationships, providing clear and appropriate information, acknowledging the vulnerability of child participants, and balancing professional responsibilities with the interests of children and families. The development of ethical competence was emphasized, particularly regarding communication and interpersonal skills. The findings provide practical insight into the ethical considerations of recruiting children with cancer for research, emphasizing that recruitment is fundamentally relational, involving trust, relationship-building, and sensitivity to vulnerability alongside fulfilling informational needs. This study reinforces the importance of cultivating research ethics competence to ensure the protection of children’s rights and welfare in pediatric research.
