Access to accurate data concerning gynecological malignancies plays a critical role in effective health planning and policymaking. To date, no study has specifically examined the burden of gynecological cancer within the region of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. This study sought to address that gap by evaluating its prevalence. A retrospective analysis was conducted at King Fahd Specialists Hospital, one of the four randomly selected main healthcare institutions in Tabuk City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted from November 2023 to February 2024 and involved reviewing records of adult female patients diagnosed with malignancies between 2019 and 2021. Data collected included patient age, cancer classification, diagnostic technique, and tumor laterality, using a structured data sheet. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 (IBM). Among the 544 documented malignancy cases, the leading types of cancer in Tabuk were breast (18.2%), colon (12.7%), and thyroid (12.1%). Gynecological malignancies were the seventh most frequent overall. Uterine malignancy accounted for 1.7% of the cases, while ovarian carcinoma represented 1.5%. All tumors identified were malignant, with adenocarcinoma comprising 45% of these. The diagnosis was confirmed through histopathological evaluation in 52.6% of patients, cytological analysis in 36.8%, and surgical intervention in 10.6%. Bilateral tumor involvement was observed in 84.2% of cases, whereas 10.6% affected the right ovary or uterus and 5.2% were left-sided. In summary, gynecological malignancies ranked sixth in frequency among all reported cancers in Tabuk City. Uterine malignancy emerged as the most prevalent type, closely followed by ovarian carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma was the dominant histological form, and diagnosis was most often made by histology and cytology, with surgery as a secondary method. This study emphasizes the need for broader, multi-institutional research to better understand the trends in gynecological malignancy and the factors influencing their development in this region.
