Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a clot blocks a pulmonary artery, which can be fatal. Identifying high-risk patients allows for early interventions to prevent death. The symptoms and signs of PE are often vague and underdiagnosed. This study aims to investigate the clinical manifestations and risk factors of acute PE. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Alshaab Teaching Hospital between May and December 2019, with data analyzed using SPSS software. The most common clinical symptoms, in order of frequency, were gradual-onset dyspnea (34.4%), pleuritic chest pain (29.5%), cough (27.9%), hemoptysis (14.8%), and leg swelling (11.5%). The leading risk factor was post-surgery, especially orthopedic surgery (27.9%), followed by the postpartum period and respiratory conditions (14.8%). Computer tomography (CT) scans were the primary diagnostic tool, while low molecular weight heparin was the main treatment. The study concluded that multiple risk factors are often present in cases of acute PE, and symptoms may be mild. Maintaining high suspicion is important for accurate diagnosis. The highest incidence was found in patients aged 41-60 years, with a higher frequency among females. Diagnostic techniques included clinical assessment, CTPA, transthoracic echocardiography, and Doppler ultrasound for cases with significant limb swelling. Treatment was performed according to established guidelines, and most patients were discharged with plans for outpatient follow-up. Early diagnosis can reduce complications and improve patient outcomes, allowing for preventive measures for high-risk groups and better management of risk factors.
