Written by Parin Salim Sidat
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
Aromatic heterocyclic compounds with five- and six-membered rings containing heteroatoms such as sulfur (S), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) have been widely studied due to their promising pharmacological potential. These compounds are essential for life, and the heteroatoms in the ring structures enhance interactions with amino acids, improving properties such as lipophilicity, solubility, and absorption. These attributes play a key role in reducing transactivation, which in turn boosts the therap
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Written by Orhan Kayira
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
Breast cancer is a major global health concern and ranks as one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women. This research focuses on utilizing the stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) technique to classify breast cancer data from open-access sources and identify key risk factors. The dataset was employed to develop a classification model, with SGB used for the disease classification process. The performance of the model was assessed using metrics such as accuracy, balanced accuracy
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Written by Vlad Denis Constantin
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
This review focuses on colorectal cancer (CRC), which ranks as the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite its prevalence in older adults, only 1% to 4% of cases are reported among individuals aged 25 to 30 years. Risk factors for CRC include a family history of colorectal cancer, dietary habits, alcohol use, smoking, and inflammatory bowel disease. A thorough literature search was conducted across databases such as Medline, PubMed, Em
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Written by Karpal Singh Sohal
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
Orofacial squamous cell carcinoma (OfSCC) represents a significant proportion of malignant head and neck lesions, with an estimated incidence of up to 90%. This study investigated the histopathological traits of OfSCC in Tanzanian patients, focusing on factors such as patient age, gender, and tumor location. The study analyzed cases diagnosed between 2016 and 2021 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Muhimbili National Hospital. The data collected included patient demographics, tumo
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Written by Damian Mojsak
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
Ewing’s sarcoma, a rare and highly aggressive tumor, is prone to recurrence even after extensive surgery and often metastasizes early. Typically seen in children and adolescents aged 10–20 years, it affects older individuals in approximately 30% of cases. This report details a 58-year-old man presenting with a foot tumor, back pain, and left leg discomfort. A chest x-ray revealing a lung mass led to a referral to the Pulmonology Department, but the diagnosis was delayed for months, worsening the
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Written by Deep Shankar Pruthi
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
Cancer is generally associated with aging, with the risk of developing most cancer types rising significantly in midlife and continuing to increase with age. However, adolescents and young adults represent a unique demographic where cancers typically seen in older adults are increasingly being diagnosed. Tumors in this age group exhibit distinct characteristics when compared to those found in younger children or older adults, and management of these patients presents unique challenges due to the
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Written by Maria Fernanda Sanchez
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
Over the past ten years, accumulating evidence from several clinical investigations has shown that liver transplantation offers a meaningful survival advantage for selected patients with colorectal cancer and liver metastases. In parallel, progress in donor organ preservation techniques has increased the available donor pool, thereby enabling consideration of broader indications for liver transplantation, including patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases. Current evidence i
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Written by Laura Jane Davies
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is recognized as the most aggressive form of breast malignancy. Although TNBC patients have a 5-year overall survival rate of 77%, the prognosis drops sharply to 12% once metastasis develops. The identification of biomarkers that accurately predict TNBC metastasis remains an urgent unmet need. In this study, we discovered a previously uncharacterized micropeptide, XLH-36, derived from the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) C5orf66-AS1, which functions as a potent o
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Written by Min-Ji Kim
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
For patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who have experienced tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) failure, treatment options include novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and the combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab (HP) with chemotherapy. Prior investigations by our group demonstrated considerable efficacy of novel anti-HER2 ADCs in this population. However, no direct comparative data exist evaluating novel anti-HER2 ADCs versus HP plus chemotherapy. This study
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Written by Anna Victoria Rossi
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
Breast cancer is characterized by marked variability in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression across and within tumors. In routine clinical practice, obtaining repeat tissue samples from recurrent or metastatic sites is often invasive, technically difficult, and sometimes infeasible. Therefore, alternative strategies capable of reliably characterizing HER2 status and tracking treatment efficacy are needed. This study investigated the clinical utility of HER2-targeted PET/CT
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Written by Luis Felipe Vargas
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
DNA methylation critically influences colorectal cancer (CRC) development and metastasis, yet the precise effects at individual genomic sites are not fully elucidated. Previously, we found that hypomethylation at cg24067911 correlates with poor outcomes in CRC patients. To clarify the role of cg24067911 in metastatic progression, we used the CRISPR-dCas9-DNMT3a system to selectively modify its methylation. Integrating transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing, RNA sequencing, and chromatin imm
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Written by Hui-Ling Chen
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
Recent evidence suggests that certain bone-targeted therapies, including denosumab (Dmab), may enhance antitumor immunity by increasing the infiltration and diversity of T cells within tumors. In breast cancer, women frequently receive immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) together with bone-modifying agents (BMAs), yet the influence of BMAs on immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and treatment efficacy remains largely undefined. We retrospectively analyzed female breast cancer patients treated w
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Written by Nikolaos Dimitris Papadopoulos
Published in Vol 2 Issue 1, 2022
Mast cells (MCs), a type of granulocytic immune cell, can either support or inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. This duality may result from subtype-specific interactions between MCs and CRC cells. Notably, BRAF-mutant CRCs are enriched in intestinal secretory cell populations. Our study reveals that MCs are particularly abundant in BRAF-mutant CRC, likely attracted by factors secreted by these tumor-associated secretory cells. Using direct coculture experiments, we found that MCs induc
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