The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), a newly proposed marker, had not yet been assessed in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this investigation, PIV was computed using the formula (neutrophil count × platelet count × monocyte count) / lymphocyte count, derived from automated hematology analyzer results, among 853 OSCC patients treated from 2005 to 2017. The optimal preoperative cutoff for PIV was determined to be 268 via ROC curve analysis. Statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05) were noted between high- and low-PIV groups regarding alcohol use, smoking status, pT stage, pN stage, overall pathological stage, extranodal extension, histological differentiation, depth of invasion, and perineural invasion. Kaplan-Meier estimates and univariate Cox regression demonstrated that higher PIV was significantly associated with inferior overall survival, disease-free survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival (all P < 0.001). In multivariate models accounting for various clinical variables, PIV remained an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival (P = 0.027, HR: 1.281) and distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.031, HR: 1.274). These findings indicate that elevated PIV correlates with unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics in OSCC and can help forecast poorer post-treatment outcomes, especially overall survival and freedom from distant metastases.
