The development of cancer during pregnancy is an uncommon occurrence. While breast and cervical cancers are more commonly reported in pregnant individuals, malignancies affecting the head and neck region—such as osteosarcoma—are particularly rare. Osteosarcoma of the jaw is exceptionally unusual during pregnancy and presents significant diagnostic difficulties. When diagnosed during gestation, this condition can adversely affect both maternal and fetal outcomes. This case report presents a 29-year-old African woman at 28 weeks of gestation who developed osteosarcoma of the jaw. She initially presented with a painful facial swelling that had persisted for approximately three months, following a toothache in the posterior region of the upper left jaw. Despite undergoing multiple surgical interventions, the tumor recurred. She was then treated with chemotherapy, but the response was poor, and she eventually passed away due to disease progression. This report highlights the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic challenges of managing jaw osteosarcoma during pregnancy.
