This in-depth review explores the contribution of acarbose to blood glucose regulation, with a focus on its application in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). As an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose functions by slowing the breakdown of carbohydrates in the small intestine, thus avoiding abrupt rises in blood glucose after meals. This mode of action plays an essential role in achieving steady glucose levels and lowering HbA1c, which helps prevent chronic complications of diabetes. The review presents evidence from recent clinical trials confirming the drug’s effectiveness and favourable safety characteristics, including low systemic uptake and good tolerance in various patient groups. It also considers the benefits of using acarbose alongside other antidiabetic medications, highlighting its additive role in improving overall glucose management. Moreover, the paper discusses current developments, active investigations, and prospective applications of acarbose in diabetes care, reinforcing its importance as an effective option for strategies designed to optimise patient results.
