Written by Ferran Pardo-Zamora
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Oral cancer, which originates in the oral cavity tissues, ranks as the eighth most common cancer globally, contributing to high mortality rates due to its often late detection. Although tissue biopsy remains the conventional method for diagnosis, it is invasive. Recently, liquid biopsy has emerged as a non-invasive diagnostic alternative. This method evaluates the tumor and its surrounding microenvironment by analyzing biomarkers found in bodily fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, and breast mi
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Written by Srivarsha Ranjeet
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), responsible for the vast majority of head and neck cancers (90–96%), remains a major global health concern. Molecular-level insight into this disease is critical for developing targeted therapies and enhancing patient care. This study explores the potential of Gymnema sylvestre (G. sylvestre), a natural compound, as an alternative anticoagulant to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for preserving blood samples intended for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) ex
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Written by Arnold A Mtenga
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
The development of cancer during pregnancy is an uncommon occurrence. While breast and cervical cancers are more commonly reported in pregnant individuals, malignancies affecting the head and neck region—such as osteosarcoma—are particularly rare. Osteosarcoma of the jaw is exceptionally unusual during pregnancy and presents significant diagnostic difficulties. When diagnosed during gestation, this condition can adversely affect both maternal and fetal outcomes. This case report presents a 29-ye
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Written by Michał Miciak
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an uncommon neuroendocrine tumor that originates from the parafollicular C cells in the thyroid. Unlike the more common papillary carcinoma, MTC tends to progress more aggressively and is prone to metastasis that is often unresponsive to chemotherapy. The main therapeutic approaches for MTC include surgical intervention and pharmacological treatments. Recent years have seen significant progress, particularly in the pharmacological management of MTC. This revi
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Written by Ling Xu
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most prevalent and fatal cancers worldwide, with high rates of both incidence and mortality. Unfortunately, most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, often through routine screenings, missing the best time for intervention. In this research, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify key gene modules and hub genes associated with GC. Using the “limma” package in R, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were examined from
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Written by Delia Nica-Badea
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a family of small, DNA-based viruses that can cause either benign conditions or contribute to the development of cancerous tumors in humans. Some of the oncogenic strains, as supported by existing research, primarily infect epithelial cells and can be found in various areas of the skin and mucous membranes, including the genital, anal, oral, and respiratory tracts. Persistent HPV infection is a major risk factor for the development of numerous malignant tumors i
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Written by Junpei Hiroshi Tanaka
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently metastasizes to the liver, which is the main driver of patient mortality. While circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in cancer, their role in promoting CRC liver metastasis is still poorly understood. We examined circ-YAP expression using qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization, and assessed its impact on CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell assays. Mechanistic studies were performed using
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Written by Lee Min-Ho
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Deletion of the 9p21 chromosomal region is among the most frequently observed homozygous genomic events in human cancers. This locus contains the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene along with CDKN2A and CDKN2B, and its loss has been associated with inferior clinical outcomes and diminished benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. Recent therapeutic strategies have highlighted MTAP deficiency as a targetable vulnerability through synthetic lethal interactions involving MAT2A and PRMT5
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Written by Daniel Patrick O’Connor
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
The decision to pursue pregnancy after breast cancer treatment raises concerns, particularly in women with hormone receptor-positive tumors, due to fears of recurrence or compromised survival. Despite growing evidence suggesting safety, uncertainty persists among both patients and clinicians. A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed through 31 March 2023 without restrictions on date or language. Studies eligible for inclusion were retrospective or prospective
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Written by Sandra Eva Novak
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Male breast cancer (MBC) represents an uncommon yet rising malignancy that suffers from a scarcity of prospective research. International cooperation is essential to better comprehend and manage MBC, particularly its prognostic aspects, across various nations. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical, histopathological, and molecular-genetic features, therapeutic approaches, and survival results for cases of MBC identified from 2007 to 2017 within the Czech Republic. Factors influe
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Written by Katarina Jelena Markovic
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) who no longer respond to platinum-based chemotherapy have few effective treatment options, and outcomes with current therapies are modest. This phase II, single-arm, multicenter study evaluated the combination of the PD-1 inhibitor penpulimab (200 mg) with the anti-angiogenic agent anlotinib (12 mg) in R/M HNSCC patients who progressed following at least one platinum-based chemotherapy regimen.Out of 38 enrol
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Written by Anna Marie Nielsen
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Ribociclib is an approved cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor for the treatment of hormone receptor–positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC) when combined with endocrine therapy. Although pivotal clinical trials have clearly described hematologic, hepatic, and cardiac toxicities, data regarding ribociclib-associated cutaneous adverse events (CAEs) are still scarce. This retrospective cohort study included all patients with HR+/HER2−
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Written by Carlos Alberto Medina
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) diminish the absorption levels of multiple oncology agents. The potential influence of PPIs when administered alongside cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors remains under debate. This investigation sought to establish if concurrent PPI administration alters the therapeutic benefits of palbociclib and abemaciclib in managing breast cancer. A retrospective observational analysis was performed across multiple centers involving 4 healthcare facilities in Japan. Eligib
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Written by Natalia Sofia Alvarez
Published in Vol 4 Issue 1, 2024
The effectiveness of targeted therapies in prolonging survival for gastric cancer patients remains limited, largely due to off-target effects and tumor immune evasion. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundant in tumor tissues and serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The role of hsa_circ_0136666 in promoting gastric cancer cell proliferation was examined using Western blot, qRT-PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and flow cytometry. Tumor immune evasion was investigated
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