Written by Dobrina Tsvetkova
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
In this study, the cytotoxic effect of newly developed peptide esters of galantamine—specifically GAL-VAL and GAL-LEU—was assessed against the HeLa cell line, a model for human cervical adenocarcinoma, using a concentration gradient ranging from 1.875 µM to 30 µM. Among the two, GAL-LEU showed a significantly enhanced ability to impair HeLa cell viability, achieving an 86.81% suppression at the highest concentration tested (30 µM), with cell viability reduced to 13.19%. Comparative evaluation of
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Written by Hossam A ElKenawy
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent cancers globally, being the third most common type and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Its incidence varies across regions, with higher rates observed in developed countries compared to developing ones. CRC is also associated with lower socioeconomic status. This review explores the existing literature on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of colorectal cancer. A comprehensive search was conducted across various databa
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Written by Mariana Florica Bei
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Oral carcinogenesis remains a pressing public health concern, especially in developing countries where its incidence is significantly high. The present study aimed to review the effect of vitamins and antioxidants on oral carcinogenesis. Research efforts targeting this disease have identified significant therapeutic effects associated with the use of certain micronutrients and antioxidants. For instance, experimental models demonstrated that the routine application of beta-carotene topically was
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Written by Elena-Teodora Tâlvan
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Inflammation serves as the body’s defensive response to harmful stimuli. In the acute phase, immune cells such as neutrophils—which act as the principal responders—along with NK cells, DCs, and macrophages, secrete inflammatory mediators including cytokines, growth factors, and proteolytic enzymes, thereby facilitating tissue repair and regeneration. However, when this response becomes chronic, macrophages become the dominant immune population, succeeded by T and B cells, leading to the continuo
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Written by Madeeha Malik
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. In low-resource nations like Pakistan, multiple barriers such as the lack of routine early detection programs, limited access to therapeutic interventions, financial constraints, insufficient medical infrastructure, and social taboos surrounding the illness collectively intensify the impact of the disease. This study aimed to assess the quality of life of people diagnosed with lung cancer in the context of Pakistan.
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Written by Shilpa Syam
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Oral submucous fibrosis, which is considered a potentially malignant disorder, progresses gradually and often goes unnoticed due to its subtle onset. This chronic condition carries a measurable risk of developing into oral squamous cell carcinoma, a risk quantified through what is known as the malignant transformation rate. The reported figures for this transformation have varied widely across different demographic and clinical studies. To further investigate this issue, the present review syste
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Written by Javier Alonso Rodriguez
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
The molecules PD-L1 and MHC class I are central to how tumors avoid immune detection and resist therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. In this work, we found that higher levels of every microRNA belonging to the miR-23a/27a/24-2 group were linked to shorter patient survival, stronger immune suppression, and failure of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors among individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). When these miRNAs were overexpressed, they boosted PD-L1 by suppressing Cbl proto-oncogene B (CBL
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Written by Hendrikus Adrianus van der Meer
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
While tumor-associated collagen signature (TACS) is known to independently predict outcomes in breast cancer, it is not yet established whether a full collagen profile—including TACS, TACS-derived microscopic collagen characteristics (TCMF1), and nuclear features associated with TACS (TCMF2)—can enhance the prognostic accuracy of the existing tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging system. A total of 941 breast cancer patients were included across three cohorts: training (n = 355), internal validati
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Written by Chiara Francesca Moretti
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Breast cancer incidence is rising among young Asian women, who are still underrepresented in international datasets. We examined the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of Asian patients under 40 years of age across various breast cancer subtypes to highlight their unmet clinical needs. We evaluated women aged 20 years and older diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer from the prospective Asian Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (ABCCG) cohort. For reference, data from the SEER cancer registry were
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Written by Elena Beatrice Dubois
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Patients with hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative breast cancer who present with high-risk clinicopathological features face a heightened likelihood of disease recurrence and may benefit from treatment intensification. Using data from the CANcer TOxicities (CANTO; NCT01993498) cohort, we examined real-world patient characteristics, therapeutic approaches, and survival outcomes in this population. Using data prospectively gathered in the CANTO study betwee
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Written by Suresh Ramanathan Pillai
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Radiotherapy (RT) is a key component in treating early-stage breast cancer (BC), but it may cause adverse effects on the heart and lungs. Deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) has been shown to improve protection of these critical organs. In this prospective study, we investigated the use of surface-guided DIBH compared to standard free breathing (FB) in patients with left-sided BC, focusing on both individualized cardiovascular risk factors and the dosimetric characteristics of treatment plans. B
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Written by Oliver Peter Smith
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Emerging evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deeply involved in the biological processes driving gastric cancer (GC) progression and metastatic spread. Despite this, the prognostic value of tissue-based lncRNA expression for anticipating peritoneal recurrence in GC has not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we perform a comprehensive analysis of lncRNA expression patterns associated with peritoneal metastasis (PM) in GC and construct a composite lncRNA-deri
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Written by Mila Petrovic
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Although EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) initially responds well to osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), acquired resistance to this agent eventually emerges. While several genetic alterations responsible for resistance have been characterized, the molecular factors that drive the onset of such resistance have largely remained elusive.To uncover mediators of osimertinib resistance induction, we examined clinical samples from patients with EGFR-muta
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Written by Keiko Masami Ito
Published in Vol 3 Issue 1, 2023
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a central role in modulating the tumor microenvironment, but their spatial arrangement and immune-regulatory roles in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer (GC) are still poorly characterized. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples from 71 patients with GC were analyzed via spatial transcriptomics, with data integrated from single-cell RNA sequencing across three separate cohorts (originating from China, the United States, and Singa
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