Written by Amal Ahmed Mohamed
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant global health challenge. Recent studies have shown that biomarkers such as microRNAs, especially miRNAs, are altered during the progression of T2DM and its associated complications, reflecting the mechanisms of the disease. This study focused on analyzing the expression of miRNA-224 in Egyptian T2DM patients and investigating its association with diabetic complications. A total of 205 participants were enrolled in this case-control study, of which
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Written by Malik Adewoyin
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
The comparative study of complementary species has become a promising strategy for advancing our understanding of disease models. Zebrafish and medaka stand as two of the leading fish models in biomedical research, with their increased prominence over the past three decades. Although zebrafish is more widely studied than medaka, both species offer complementary advantages. Despite their similarities, there are subtle anatomical and transcriptomic differences between the two. The completion of ge
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Written by O. Lazoura
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging technique for assessing vascular anatomy and characterizing atherosclerotic plaque morphology across various arterial regions. MDCT allows for comprehensive assessment of the entire arterial system and enables visualization of the vessel wall, including quantification of both calcified and non-calcified plaques. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological characterization of atherosclerotic plaques in cor
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Written by Banyameen Iqbal
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is an uncommon, multisystem disorder categorized as non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, with its cause still unknown. It mostly affects middle-aged individuals, with a slight male predominance. Radiologically, the disease is characterized by symmetric sclerotic lesions in the long bones, while histopathologically, foamy histiocytes are found in various affected areas. The diagnosis is confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with CD68. This case report presents a 60-y
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Written by Soobia Saeed
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
Cancers that affect neural tissue, particularly brain tumors, are often associated with poor prognoses. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms behind their progression and associated complications remain incompletely understood. While considerable knowledge exists regarding different types of brain tumors, the processes by which they disseminate and inflict damage on adjacent brain regions are still unclear. This study examines the hypothesis that leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (
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Written by Fathimath Ina Shareef
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
The present study aimed to investigate the transmission, clinical features, and advances in countermeasures and treatment of monkeypox. Monkeypox is a DNA virus in the Poxviridae family, specifically classified under the Orthopoxvirus genus. Historically confined to central and western Africa, monkeypox made global headlines in 2022 due to widespread outbreaks in regions where it was previously rare, including North America, Europe, Asia, and Australasia. On 23 July 2022, the World Health Organi
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Written by Clara Isabel Moreno
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) offers a precision chemoradiation strategy by delivering boron compounds like p-borophenylalanine (BPA) into tumors via the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). However, its effectiveness is constrained in tumors with low LAT1 expression. To expand the applicability of BNCT, we have developed a novel approach that leverages tumor-specific biomarkers, focusing on cancers that exhibit high levels of the validated glycan marker CA19-9. Using The Cancer Genome
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Written by Nora Elise Hansen
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
The World Health Organization recommends tuberculosis (TB) contact investigation in countries with a high TB burden. This study evaluated the implementation reach of two distinct contact investigation approaches in South Africa. The Kharitode TB trial, a cluster-randomized crossover study, compared household-based versus incentive-based contact investigation across 28 clinics from July 2016 to January 2020. Each clinic implemented both strategies sequentially for 18 months, with a six-month wash
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Written by George William Patterson
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
Medical education and professional development in infectious diseases have historically been shaped by resources from high-income countries, often overlooking conditions like Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS). In response, The Geneva Learning Foundation implemented a multi-country virtual training in 2023 using a peer-based learning-to-action approach, designed to fill this knowledge gap and strengthen the capacity of healthcare workers in endemic regions. The program unfolded in two stages.
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Written by Andreas Nikolaus Schmid
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) shows poor responsiveness to immunotherapy largely because its tumor microenvironment (TME) is immunologically “cold.” Efferocytosis plays a critical role in shaping the TME; however, its underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance in COAD remain poorly understood. We integrated transcriptomic data, histopathological images, and clinical information from 387 patients with COAD. Image features were derived using ResNet50 and CellProfiler, and a multimodal machine lear
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Written by Mateusz Piotr Kowalski
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a collection of more than twenty infections caused by parasites, bacteria, and viruses, collectively affecting over a billion people worldwide. Community Health Workers (CHWs) are increasingly recognized as vital for expanding access to NTD prevention and treatment in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet the economic evidence supporting their deployment remains scarce. To map existing knowledge, a scoping review was performed, examining studies pub
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Written by Filippo Andrea Martini
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
This research aimed to assess the disparity between urban and rural areas in the rate of early postpartum discharge after institutional vaginal birth in Nigeria. A nationally representative sample comprising 8,614 women aged 15–49 years was selected and examined. Multivariate decomposition analysis combined with the concentration index was applied to investigate the occurrence and urban-rural inequities in early maternal discharge following facility-based vaginal delivery. Around 65.6% of women
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Written by Martin Johannes Keller
Published in Vol 2 Issue 2, 2022
Accurate and complete clinical documentation is critical for delivering high-quality prostate cancer care, especially in settings with fragile health systems and a rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Inadequate data can compromise service efficiency, delay treatment, and negatively affect patient outcomes. This study assessed the quality of clinical notes for prostate cancer patients across five tertiary hospitals in Tanzania during 2022. A sequential mixed-methods design was applied
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